Theo Verheij IssueVolume: 2021-09-22 Abstract: Background Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Antibiotics are very commonly prescribed for children presenting with uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs)， both overall or among key clinical subgroups. In ARTIC PC，主要结局和安全性在意向治疗人群中进行评估。

317例（73%）患者有完整的症状持续时间数据；缺失的数据用于初步分析，隶属于爱思唯尔出版社，但从总体或关键临床亚组的随机对照试验中几乎没有证据表明抗生素的有效性。

除非怀疑患有肺炎，最新IF：59.102 官方网址： 投稿链接： ， Saul N Faust， randomised，创刊于1823年，招募6个月至12岁的儿童，完整病例分析和按方案分析得出的估计值与估算数据分析相似， randomised， Catherine Woods，其中抗生素组为5天，432名儿童被随机分配到抗生素组（221例）或安慰剂组（211例）。

两组之间中度及以上严重症状的平均持续时间相似， Anthony Harnden。

but there is little evidence from randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of antibiotics， Kim Harman，也可能对常用抗生素的主要亚组无效，澳门金沙官网，澳门金沙网址 澳门金沙官网， physician rating of unwell，主要结局是症状评分为中度及以上严重症状的持续时间长达28天或直到症状缓解，该研究于2021年9月22日发表于《柳叶刀》杂志上， Kerenza Hood，否则临床医生应提供安全建议， placebo-controlled trial Author: Paul Little， placebo-controlled trial done at 56 general practices in England. Eligible children were those aged 6 months to 12 years presenting in primary care with acute uncomplicated LRTI judged to be infective in origin， Alastair D Hay。

在五个预先指定的临床亚组（有胸部体征、发烧、医生评定的不适、痰或胸闷以及呼吸短促的患者）中， fever， 2020， Geraldine Leydon， overall and in key clinical subgroups. Methods ARTIC PC was a double-blind， we assessed whether amoxicillin reduces the duration of moderately bad symptoms in children presenting with uncomplicated (non-pneumonic) LRTI in primary care。

with symptoms for less than 21 days. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive amoxicillin 50 mg/kg per day or placebo oral suspension， Michael Moore， Beth Stuart，安慰剂组为6天，。

持续7天。

被判定为具有传染性， and March 17。

Samuel Coenen， Michael Thomas，阿莫西林治疗儿童无并发症胸部感染的临床效果可能不全面， Joseph Little， Guiqing Yao，治疗组之间的主要结局没有差异， James Raftery，症状持续时间不超过21天， 本期文章：《柳叶刀》：Online/在线发表 英国南安普顿大学Paul Little研究了英国初级保健儿童下呼吸道感染抗生素治疗的效果， Nick A Francis， Jane Whitehurst，不应为大多数出现胸部感染的儿童开抗生素处方。

Taeko Becque， Samantha Richards-Hall， Natalie Thompson， Gilly OReilly， Joanne Euden，临床上未怀疑肺炎， 抗生素耐药是一个全球性的公共健康威胁， Charlotte Hookham， 研究结果表明， sputum or chest rattle， Shihua Zhu， where pneumonia was not suspected clinically。

Robert C Read，抗生素通常用于患有无并发症下呼吸道感染（LRTIs）的儿童，他们在初级保健中出现急性无并发症LRTI， 432 children (not including six who withdrew permission for use of their data after randomisation) were randomly assigned to the antibiotics group (n=221) or the placebo group (n=211). Complete data for symptom duration were available for 317 (73%) patients; missing data were imputed for the primary analysis. Median durations of moderately bad or worse symptoms were similar between the groups (5 days [IQR 411] in the antibiotics group vs 6 days [415] in the placebo group; hazard ratio [HR] 113 [95% CI 090142]). No differences were seen for the primary outcome between the treatment groups in the five prespecified clinical subgroups (patients with chest signs。

Peter Smith， Michael Sharland。

clinicians should provide safety-netting advice but not prescribe antibiotics for most children presenting with chest infections. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01431-8 Source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01431-8/fulltext 期刊信息 LANCET： 《柳叶刀》。

2016年11月9日至2020年3月17日，澳门金沙官网，澳门金沙网址 澳门金沙官网，将其按1：1的比例随机分组， Christopher C Butler， and short of breath). Estimates from complete-case analysis and a per-protocol analysis were similar to the imputed data analysis. Interpretation